एक विमर्श
---------------"हल्बी" भाषा या बोली
------------------------------
प्रिय डॉ.
रूपेन्द्र कवि जी के एक पोस्ट पर मान्यवर सतीश जैन भाई साहब ने टिप्पणी की थी कि
"हल्बी" भाषा नहीं अपितु
"बोली" है। कवि जी ने बाद में कभी चर्चा करने की बात कही थी। मैं यहाँ यह बताने का प्रयास कर रहा हूँ कि
"हल्बी" ही नहीं बल्कि
"गोंडी" भी
"भाषा" है न कि
"बोली"। और फिर छत्तीसगढ़ी तो भाषा है ही।
मैं पूरी गम्भीरता, आत्मविश्वास और जिम्मेदारी के साथ कह रहा हूँ कि "हल्बी"
को देश ही नहीं अपितु विदेशों के भी सुप्रसिद्ध भाषा वैज्ञानिकों ने "बोली"
की बजाय "भाषा"
ही कहा है। इन देशी-विदेशी भाषा वैज्ञानिकों और मानव वैज्ञानिकों के नाम इस प्रकार हैं :
01. पद्मश्री प्रोफेसर (डॉ.) अन्विता अब्बी, सेवानिवृत्त प्रोफेसर, जवाहरलाल नेहरू युनीवर्सिटी, नयी दिल्ली। प्रेसीडेन्ट, लिंग्विस्टिक सोसाइटी ऑफ इंडिया, नयी दिल्ली।
02.
फ्रैन वुड्स, भाषा वैज्ञानिक, फ्रीलान्सर, पर्थ, (ऑस्ट्रेलिया)।
03.
डॉ. क्रिस ग्रेगोरी, मानव विज्ञानी, ऑस्ट्रेलियन नेशनल युनिवर्सिटी, कैनबरा (ऑस्ट्रेलिया)
इन सभी विद्वानों का कहना है कि हल्बी और गोंडी इसीलिये भाषा हैं, क्योंकि इनके व्याकरण हैं। वे "लिपि"
को आवश्यक नहीं मानते। उन्होंने इसका उदाहरण देते हुए अँग्रेजी की लिपि की बात की, जो "रोमन लिपि"
है। अँग्रेजी की कोई अपनी लिपि है ही नहीं। इसी तरह फ्रेन्च, जर्मन और इटालियन भाषाओं की भी कोई लिपि नहीं है। वही रोमन लिपि ही थोड़ी-सी फेर-बदल कर अपना ली गयी है। अपने देश की ही बात लें। हिन्दी की अपनी कोई लिपि नहीं है। देवनागरी, जो संस्कृत की लिपि है, हिन्दी की लिपि हो गयी है। मराठी और गुजराती की लिपियाँ भी देवनागरी का ही रूप हैं। बंगला और असमिया की लिपियों की बात करें तो पाएँगे कि दोनों की लिपियाँ एक ही हैं। हो सकता है कि थोड़ा-बहुत इधर-उधर हो। बहरहाल, हल्बी की लिपि बनी तो है किन्तु प्रचलन में नहीं है। हल्बी की लिपि बनायी है जगदलपुर के श्री विक्रम सोनी जी और कोंडागाँव के श्री घनश्याम पाणिग्राही जी ने। इसी तरह गोंडी का भी व्याकरण है और लिपि भी। एक व्याकरण नारायणपुर निवासी श्री पिलसाय पट्टावी जी ने तैयार किया है और इसका प्रकाशन भी वर्षों पूर्व बिलासपुर से हुआ था। गोंडी के व्याकरण और भी कई लोगों ने तैयार किये हैं। लिपि तैयार करने वाले सज्जन का नाम स्मरण नहीं है।
भाषा/बोली विमर्श को आगे बढ़ाते हुए यहाँ देश की सर्वोच्च साहित्य-संस्था "साहित्य अकादमी" (राष्ट्रीय साहित्य अकादमी) द्वारा वर्ष 1996 से आरम्भ किये गये "भाषा सम्मान" के विषय में साहित्य अकादमी के ही वेब साईट से ली गयी जानकारी प्रस्तुत है। इसके साथ ही, वर्ष 1996 से 2016 तक जिन क्षेत्रीय भाषाओं को भाषा मानते हुए "भाषा सम्मान" से नवाजा गया, उनका भी विवरण निम्नानुसार है : कोकबोरोक, भोजपुरी, तुलु (दो बार), पहाड़ी, संथाली, मिज़ो, खासी (दो बार), कुई, लद्दाखी (दो बार), भीली (दो बार), गारो, मुण्डारी, लेप्चा, अहिरनी, गोजरी, मगही (दो बार) बोड़ो, कुड़ुख (दो बार), छत्तीसगढ़ी (श्री मंगत रवीन्द्र, 2003), हो, गोंडी (प्रो. हीरालाल शुक्ल,
2004), अंगमी, करवी (कर्वी), हिमाचली, कच्छी, गढ़वाली, बुन्देली, अवधी राजबन्शी, चकमा, कोडाया, बंजारा/लम्बाडी, वर्ली, कुमायुँनी, सौराष्ट्र, हल्बी (हरिहर वैष्णव, 2015)
BHASHA SAMMAN
Sahitya Akademi
has been giving annual awards to books of outstanding merit and annual prizes
for outstanding translations in the 24 languages recognised by it. However, the
Akademi felt that in a multilingual country like India that has hundreds of
languages and dialects, Akademi's activities should be extended beyond the
recognised ones by acknowledging and promoting literary creativity as well as
academic research in non-recognised languages. The Akademi, therefore,
instituted Bhasha Samman in 1996 to be given to writers, scholars, editors,
collectors, performers or translators who have made considerable contribution
to the propagation, modernization or enrichment of the languages concerned. The
Samman carries a plaque alongwith an amount equal to its awards for creative
literature, i.e. rupees 1,00,000 (Rs.25,000 at the time of inception, increased
to Rs.40,000 from 2001, Rs.50,000 from 2003 and to Rs. 1,00,000 from 2009),
which is the first step towards the realization of this goal. The Sammans are
given to 3-4 persons every year in different languages on the basis of
recommendation of experts' committees constituted for the purpose.
History of
Bhasha Sammans
The first
Bhasha Sammans were awarded in to Sri Dharikshan Mishra for Bhojpuri, Sri Bansi
Ram Sharma and Sri M.R. Thakur for Pahari (Himachali), Sri K. Jathappa Rai and
Sri Mandara Keshava Bhat for Tulu and Sri Chandra Kanta Mura Singh for
Kokborok; for their contribution to the development of their respective
languages.
In the
Akademi felt that while it was necessary to continue to encourage writers and
scholars in languages not formally recognised by the Akademi, it was necessary
to extend the scope of this Samman to include scholars who have done valuable
work in the field of classical and medieval literature. This being an
invaluable heritage of the nation, those who have endeavoured to keep this
heritage alive and acquaint succeeding generations with it deserved
recognition. It was, therefore, decided that while two sammans may continue to
be given for contribution to unrecognized languages two may be earmarked for
scholars in the field of classical and medieval literature.
BHASHA SAMMAN AWARDEES
(1996-2016)
S.N. Awardees
Contribution
2016
1 Dr. Shesh Anand Madhukar Magahi
2 Prof. Madhukar Anant Mehendale Classical & Medieval Literature (West)
3 Dr. Amrith Someshwar Tulu
2015
1 Dr. Anand Prakash Dixit Classical & Medieval Literature (Northern)
2 Sri Nagalla Guruprasada Rao Classical & Medieval Literature (Southern)
3 Dr. Nirmal Minz Kurukh
4 Professor Lozang Jamspal Ladakhi
(Jointly)
5 Sri Gelong Thupstan Paldan
6 Sri Harihar Vaishnav Halbi
7 Dr. T.R. Damodaran Sourashtra
(Jointly)
8 Smt. T.S. Saroja Sundararajan
2014
1 Sri Acharya Munishwar Jha Classical & Medieval Literature
2 Professor Shrikant Bahulkar Classical & Medieval Literature
3 Sri Charu Chandra Pande Kumauni
(Jointly)
4 Sri Mathuradutt Mathpal
2013
1 Dr. K. Meenakshi Sundaram Classical & Medieval Literature
2 Dr. Jaspal Singh Classical & Medieval Literature
3 Sri Vasant Nirgune Bhili
2012
1 Prof. Sumerchand Kesarichand Jain Classical & Medieval Literature
2 Prof. Satyabati Giri Classical & Medieval Literature
3 Sri Mahadeo Savji Andher (Guruji) Warli
4 Prof. Motiraj Bhajnu Rathod Banjara/Lambadi
(Jointly)
5 Dr. Ramchandra Ramesh Arya
2011
1 Dr. Vishwanath Tripathi Classical & Medieval Literature
2 Dr. Puthussery Ramchandran Classical & Medieval Literature
3 Prof. Sondar Singh Majaw Khasi
2010
1 Sri Narayan Chandra Goswami Classical & Medieval Literature, Assamese
2 Sri Hasu Yajnik Classical & Medieval Literature, Sindhi
3 Prof. Taburam Taid Mising
4 Sri Addanda C. Cariappa Kodava
(Jointly)
5 Smt Mandira Java Appanna
6 Prof. S. S. Majaw Khasi
2009
1 Dr. Gurdev Singh Classical & Medieval Literature, Punjabi
2 Professor Korlapati Srirama Murthy Classical & Medieval Literature, Telugu
3 Sri Niranjan Chakma Chakma
4 Dr. Girijasankar Ray Rajbanshi
2008
1 (late) Surendranath Satapathy Classical & Medieval Literature, Oriya
2 Sri Vishvanath Anandarao Khaire Classical & Medieval Literature, Marathi
3 Sri Vishwanath Pathak Avadhi
4 Dr. Ram Naraian Sharma Bundeli
(Jointly)
5 Dr. Kailash Bihari Dwivedi
6 Sri Sudama Prasad ‘Premi’ Garhwali
(Jointly)
7 Sri Prem Lai Bhatt
8 Sri Madhav Joshi ‘Ashq’ Kachchhi
(Jointly)
9 Sri Tejpal Darshi Shah ‘Tej’
2007
1 Professor S. Settar Classical & Medieval Literature, Kannada
2 Dr. Shashinath Jha Classical & Medieval Literature, Maithili
3 Dr. Pratyoosh Guleri Himachali Language & Literature
(Jointly)
4 Dr. Gautam Chand Sharma
2006
1 Prof. Hampa Nagarajaiah Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Prof. Veturi Ananda Murthy Classical and Medieval Literature
3 Sri Kilensowa Ao Ao Language and Literature
4 Thada. Subramanyam Sourashtra Language and Literature
(Jointly)
5 Sri K.R. Sethuraman
2005
1 Dr. L. Basavaraju Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Dr. Narayan Hemandas Classical and Medieval Literature
3 Sr. Bidor Sing Kro Karbi
4 Dr. Douvituo Kuolie Angami (Tenyidie)
2004
1 Prof. H.H. Mahamedhanandanath
Saraswati (Pt. Dukhisyama Pattanayak) Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Prof. Kamalesh Datta Tripathi Classical and Medieval Literature
3 Prof. Hira Lal Shukla Gondi
4 Sri Binod Kumar Naik Ho
2003
1 Dr. Kesavananda Dev Goswami Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Dr. Mohammad Waris Kirmani Classical and Medieval Literature
3 Sri Mangat Raveendra Chhattisgarhi
4 Sri Bihari Lakra Kurukh
2002
1 Sri Manik Dhanpalwar Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Sri Madhu Ram Baro Boro
3 Dr. Ram Prasad Singh Magahi
2001
1 Sri T. Koteswar Rao Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Sri. T.V. Venkatachala Sastry Classical and Medieval Literature
3 Sri Mohammad Israil Asar Gojri
4 Sri Moti B.A. Bhojpuri
2000
1 Dr. Jayakanta Mishra Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Sri Chimanlal Shivashankar Trivedi Classical and Medieval Literature
3 Sri Krishna Patil Ahirani
4 Passang Tshering Lepcha Lepcha
1999
1 Prof. Shyam Manohar Pandey Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Dr. S.V. Subramanian Classical and Medieval Literature
3 Dr. M.M. Mundu Mundari
4 Sri Llewellyn R. Marak Garo
1998
1 Dr. Bhagawandas Kuberdas Patel Bhili
2 Sri Tashi Rabgias Ladakhi
3 Sri Dayanidhi Mallik Kui
1997
1 Sri Devi Singh Khongdup Khasi
2 Sri James Dokhuma Mizo
3 Dr. Doman Sahu ‘Samir’ Santhali
1996
1 Sri M.R. Thakur Pahari
(Jointly received)
2 Sri Bansi Ram Sharma
3 Sri Mandara Keshava Bhat Tulu
(Jointly received)
4 Sri K. Jathappa Rai
5 Sri Dharikshan Mishra Bhojpuri
6 Sri Chandra Kanta Murasingh Kokborok
2016
1 Dr. Shesh Anand Madhukar Magahi
2 Prof. Madhukar Anant Mehendale Classical & Medieval Literature (West)
3 Dr. Amrith Someshwar Tulu
2015
1 Dr. Anand Prakash Dixit Classical & Medieval Literature (Northern)
2 Sri Nagalla Guruprasada Rao Classical & Medieval Literature (Southern)
3 Dr. Nirmal Minz Kurukh
4 Professor Lozang Jamspal Ladakhi
(Jointly)
5 Sri Gelong Thupstan Paldan
6 Sri Harihar Vaishnav Halbi
7 Dr. T.R. Damodaran Sourashtra
(Jointly)
8 Smt. T.S. Saroja Sundararajan
2014
1 Sri Acharya Munishwar Jha Classical & Medieval Literature
2 Professor Shrikant Bahulkar Classical & Medieval Literature
3 Sri Charu Chandra Pande Kumauni
(Jointly)
4 Sri Mathuradutt Mathpal
2013
1 Dr. K. Meenakshi Sundaram Classical & Medieval Literature
2 Dr. Jaspal Singh Classical & Medieval Literature
3 Sri Vasant Nirgune Bhili
2012
1 Prof. Sumerchand Kesarichand Jain Classical & Medieval Literature
2 Prof. Satyabati Giri Classical & Medieval Literature
3 Sri Mahadeo Savji Andher (Guruji) Warli
4 Prof. Motiraj Bhajnu Rathod Banjara/Lambadi
(Jointly)
5 Dr. Ramchandra Ramesh Arya
2011
1 Dr. Vishwanath Tripathi Classical & Medieval Literature
2 Dr. Puthussery Ramchandran Classical & Medieval Literature
3 Prof. Sondar Singh Majaw Khasi
2010
1 Sri Narayan Chandra Goswami Classical & Medieval Literature, Assamese
2 Sri Hasu Yajnik Classical & Medieval Literature, Sindhi
3 Prof. Taburam Taid Mising
4 Sri Addanda C. Cariappa Kodava
(Jointly)
5 Smt Mandira Java Appanna
6 Prof. S. S. Majaw Khasi
2009
1 Dr. Gurdev Singh Classical & Medieval Literature, Punjabi
2 Professor Korlapati Srirama Murthy Classical & Medieval Literature, Telugu
3 Sri Niranjan Chakma Chakma
4 Dr. Girijasankar Ray Rajbanshi
2008
1 (late) Surendranath Satapathy Classical & Medieval Literature, Oriya
2 Sri Vishvanath Anandarao Khaire Classical & Medieval Literature, Marathi
3 Sri Vishwanath Pathak Avadhi
4 Dr. Ram Naraian Sharma Bundeli
(Jointly)
5 Dr. Kailash Bihari Dwivedi
6 Sri Sudama Prasad ‘Premi’ Garhwali
(Jointly)
7 Sri Prem Lai Bhatt
8 Sri Madhav Joshi ‘Ashq’ Kachchhi
(Jointly)
9 Sri Tejpal Darshi Shah ‘Tej’
2007
1 Professor S. Settar Classical & Medieval Literature, Kannada
2 Dr. Shashinath Jha Classical & Medieval Literature, Maithili
3 Dr. Pratyoosh Guleri Himachali Language & Literature
(Jointly)
4 Dr. Gautam Chand Sharma
2006
1 Prof. Hampa Nagarajaiah Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Prof. Veturi Ananda Murthy Classical and Medieval Literature
3 Sri Kilensowa Ao Ao Language and Literature
4 Thada. Subramanyam Sourashtra Language and Literature
(Jointly)
5 Sri K.R. Sethuraman
2005
1 Dr. L. Basavaraju Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Dr. Narayan Hemandas Classical and Medieval Literature
3 Sr. Bidor Sing Kro Karbi
4 Dr. Douvituo Kuolie Angami (Tenyidie)
2004
1 Prof. H.H. Mahamedhanandanath
Saraswati (Pt. Dukhisyama Pattanayak) Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Prof. Kamalesh Datta Tripathi Classical and Medieval Literature
3 Prof. Hira Lal Shukla Gondi
4 Sri Binod Kumar Naik Ho
2003
1 Dr. Kesavananda Dev Goswami Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Dr. Mohammad Waris Kirmani Classical and Medieval Literature
3 Sri Mangat Raveendra Chhattisgarhi
4 Sri Bihari Lakra Kurukh
2002
1 Sri Manik Dhanpalwar Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Sri Madhu Ram Baro Boro
3 Dr. Ram Prasad Singh Magahi
2001
1 Sri T. Koteswar Rao Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Sri. T.V. Venkatachala Sastry Classical and Medieval Literature
3 Sri Mohammad Israil Asar Gojri
4 Sri Moti B.A. Bhojpuri
2000
1 Dr. Jayakanta Mishra Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Sri Chimanlal Shivashankar Trivedi Classical and Medieval Literature
3 Sri Krishna Patil Ahirani
4 Passang Tshering Lepcha Lepcha
1999
1 Prof. Shyam Manohar Pandey Classical and Medieval Literature
2 Dr. S.V. Subramanian Classical and Medieval Literature
3 Dr. M.M. Mundu Mundari
4 Sri Llewellyn R. Marak Garo
1998
1 Dr. Bhagawandas Kuberdas Patel Bhili
2 Sri Tashi Rabgias Ladakhi
3 Sri Dayanidhi Mallik Kui
1997
1 Sri Devi Singh Khongdup Khasi
2 Sri James Dokhuma Mizo
3 Dr. Doman Sahu ‘Samir’ Santhali
1996
1 Sri M.R. Thakur Pahari
(Jointly received)
2 Sri Bansi Ram Sharma
3 Sri Mandara Keshava Bhat Tulu
(Jointly received)
4 Sri K. Jathappa Rai
5 Sri Dharikshan Mishra Bhojpuri
6 Sri Chandra Kanta Murasingh Kokborok